This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) envisions a world free from hunger through improved nutrition, resilient agriculture, and equitable access to food by 2030. Agriculture plays a key role in meeting these goals because it is the main force behind food production and rural livelihoods. This study explores critical agricultural strategies that support SDG 2, such as nutrition-sensitive agriculture, digital agriculture, agroecology, climate-smart agriculture (CSA), and integrated crop-livestock systems. Using both a global and regional viewpoint, we evaluate opportunities, trade-offs, and continuing obstacles like climate change, policy fragmentation, and structural inequality. We highlight the necessity of shifting away from productivity-focused strategies and include nutrition, fairness, and sustainability. The synthesis emphasizes that systemic difficulties still exist despite the tremendous advancement that has been achieved. To advance SDG 2, we need to integrate contemporary innovations with traditional knowledge, replicate context-specific solutions, and promote policy coherence across sectors.