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This review integrates the data from academic research, case studies, and regional analysis to examine the effects of climate change on food security globally, emphasizing vulnerable areas like Nepal, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. It studies how agricultural productivity, food prices, livestock health, and rural livelihoods are affected by climate change, presenting a multi-faceted view of food security challenges. This paper clarifies the causes behind the decrease in food availability and the rise in food costs by establishing links between climate variability and agricultural yields. Shifts in precipitation cycles, unpredictable temperature trends, and extreme weather events’ occurrence and severity fail crop production. This study highlights the core causes of the disruptions. It suggests solutions for adaptation and mitigation of the disruptions, including enhanced irrigation systems, climate-smart farming practices, and funding for agricultural research. Addressing these issues with targeted, regionally relevant solutions is crucial to strengthening resilience in an increasingly unpredictable environmental setting and ensuring food security.