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From seed germination to maturity various environmental factors act as a triggering agent in the plants governing overall mechanism of growth and development. For the proper functioning of the plant, photosynthetic product is vital which is generated in the plant in the combination of different environmental factors such as light, temperature, and carbon dioxide. All these environmental factors should be in a sufficient quantity neither more nor less. This paper thus critically reviews the different aspects of environmental factors their working mechanism and how they influence the growth and development of plants.